L

Lantana hybrids    evergreen subtropical shrubs , mounding to scandent, with umbels of flowers in a range of colors. Grow in sun to part shade, they require little or no summer watering when established. Our trade forms all seem completely daylength neutral for flower initiation, and thus are one of the few plants that truly can “bloom all year," dependent of course on adequate conditions of temperature, light, water etc. Yet they also seem to be facultative short day responding to some degree since they often more heavily into bloom by early October, just like more summer-inhibited FSD responders like Tagetes lemmonii, Salvia leucantha and others. Lantanas are usually at least burned back on top by any hard freeze but I am continually surprised seeing them growing in highly exposed situations in areas I would consider too cold for them to survive, such as the Central Valley. They seem to be root hardy to around 25-20F, perhaps USDA zone 9b? Tropical America. Verbenaceae. rev 10/2017

'Cosmic Firestorm' PP25,955   WARNING! DO NOT CLICK HERE if you have back, neck or heart problems, if you are pregnant, or are prone to hysteria, neuralgia, nervous fits, mezmerization or hilarity, . . .        very closeup      more hypnosis       see what I mean?    a scintillating variegated sport Manuel found in one of our blocks of 'Radiation Improved', this eye-popping beauty is an ultra-stable, manically variegated form that puts the intense, red and orange-red flowers against the perfect foliage background. It is  downright hypnotizing really, when plants grow large enough to present a broad blanket of flowers and foliage. Need a container plant, say against a dark background of foliage, or wall, or fence, or need to light up that boring corner spot? To 2-3' by 4-5', probably. The mature red flowers become very deep under cool winter conditions, and leaves pick up purplish tones. rev 8/2021 MBN INTRODUCTION-2015

montevidensis (sellowiana)    closeup    habit    more habit    with callas   our common trailing purple lantana, growing to 2’ tall and up to 10’ wide or more. I've seen this plant recover quickly from an honeset 20°F freeze. Needs very little summer watering when established, none in many cooler, coastal locations. rev 10/2017

'Lady Brooks' PP25919   Lord Brooks left, Lady Brooks middle, regular on right  after the discovery of our 'Lord Brooks,' described following, I went out myself the very next day, to that same block of plants, to find a new one myself. I thought "well if Jeff can find one then so can I." And I did! It wasn't the bluer shade of purple I was hoping for but a wonderful light silvery pink color, clearly different and definitely more interesting and attractive than the standard trade pink form that had been around for years but never became popular. And everyone seems to like this one. rev 6/2019 MBN INTRODUCTION-2018 

'Lord Brooks'
PP25920   on left, compared to regular form    Lord Brooks left, Lady Brooks middle, regular on right   one day I said to our Jeff Brooks "Jeff, we have 3000 purple lantanas, go find me a sport that's more blue." The next day he brought me one that was darker purple instead. As I recall he said "Yes master I hear and obey!" And that is exactly how you find new varieties. This is about twice as dark as the regular form, but you might only notice if they've been grown together in the same conditions (temperature, media, fertilizer etc.). This is just mo' betta! Same conditions. rev 11/2017  MBN INTRODUCTION-2017

white    same growth habit and parameters as the regular species, but with a profuse show of clean, white flowers. rev 12/2017

'Little Lucky' series   (not currently in production)  an ultra compact line, just 12-24" tall and wide. rev 11/2017

Hot Pink   (not currently in production) golden yellow, aging to brilliant rose then dark magenta pink. rev 11/2017
Lemon Cream   (not currently in production) medium lemon yellow, aging to a bright creamy white.  rev 11/2017
Pot of Gold  (not currently in production)  intense, deep gold, on the verge of entering the realm of orange. rev 11/2017
Orange  (not currently in production)  deep golden yellow aging to pale red orange. rev 11/2017
Red   (not currently in production) golden orange maturing to intense red orange.  rev 11/2017
'Skittles' (not currently in production)  red against slate green  grey green leaves have a creamy white edge with dark red, yellow, and orange flowers scattered in. Semi-trailing habit, 15" tall and spreading 2-3'. Nowhere near as nice as our own, electrifying and spectacular 'Cosmic Firestorm,' which is dazzling enough to make your eyeballs jitter around in their sockets, but this is a new look, with its own quiet, very humble charm. Hang it up, use it as a groundcover, or let it spill from containers. Sun, little watering needed once established, attracts bees and butterflies. USDA 8. rev 7/2017

Laurus nobilis    BAY, GRECIAN LAUREL    tree   a large, usually narrow evergreen shrub or tree to 15-25’ tall and wide. A must for anyone who barbecues, where handfuls of green foliage can (strike that - must!) be placed on the fire to properly fumigate the chickens and ribs. A few of those, some allspice leaves, some rosemary, then stand by with a baseball bat to fend off the neighbors, 'cause they're going to trying to break into the backyard like packs of wild dogs. I guess you could charge admission. Sun or mostly shade, little or no watering, frost hardy. Excellent as a clipped hedge, or a small, neat tree. Also outstanding as a container plant, tolerating erratic or inadequate watering quite well. Mediterranean. Lauraceae. rev 5/2020

Lavandula evergreen shrubs and woody perennials native mostly to the Mediterranean and montane areas Europe though species range from the Cape Verde and Canary Islands to southeastern India and south to the Nile Valley and northeastern Tropical Africa. Most are highly drought tolerant when established. Labiatae/Lamiaceae. rev 5/2020

x allardi 'Meerlo' PP25276     that foliage!   why you grow it - Morrissey Blvd.   compact, dense     a new variegated selection, very vigorous, a great grower, and rewarded for its excellence by being named to the Sunset Western Garden Collection. The soft, finely hairy green leaves are edged with clear ivory to creamy white, and the variegation pattern really stands out. At about 24-30" tall and wide when grown, it makes a terrific hedge, border to a veggie or herb garden, or container subject just for its foliage alone. Ours haven't bloomed yet, but this artificial species cross seems very close to L. 'Goodwin Creek,' and so should bear, eventually, some small probably small quantity of similar tall, narrow spikes of purple flowers beginning in late spring or early summer. These should also attract the same motley crew of the "bountiful B's" - bees, beneficials and butterflies. (And how 'bout those "big M's," evening pollinating moths (Sphinx/Hawk, others) and midges (beneficial), or the "Humongous H's," hover flies,  and, well, you get the idea.) The leaves have a spicy fragrance most like Spanish lavender. Sun to part shade, good to average drainage, little watering once established. USDA zone 9b/Sunset 8-9, 12-24. rev 4/2021  

angustifolia    ENGLISH LAVENDER    flowers close up    row of a larger landscape form   Wroclaw (Breslaw), Poland, September   a compact evergreen shrub to 2’ tall, 5-6’ wide with narrow, tomentose grey leaves and tall, thin spikes of light purple flowers in late spring and early summer. Excellent in perennial gardens or mixed with Mediterranean style plantings, this is the type with the strongest and best sweet lavender fragrance. Although the L. x intermedia types produce greater quantities of oil it considered by many to be of lower quality. Very seasonal bloom, and often doesn't flower heavily until established. We have raised a large, robust form from cuttings in the past but currently that selection is not in production. Sun, good drainage, prefers neutral to alkaline soils, modest to little watering once established. USDA zone 5/Sunset 4-24. Native to northern Spain, southern France, northwestern Italy. rev 8/2020

'Big Time Blue' PP24827    another newish very short and compact grower, to about 20" tall by 30-36" wide. Covers itself with a heavy show of tall, fat, dense, extra-dark purple blue flower spikes that produce relatively large , medium purple flowers. Late spring bloom, showing color through fall. Durable, strong root system, very silvery foliage and an important and generous source of nectar for all types of good flying insects such as pollinators, beneficials, butterfiles, moths and even hummingbirds! USDA zone 5/Sunset 1-24. rev 6/2019

Ellagance  (not currently in production) chunk spikes of dark purple flowers   an improved Munstead-class strain, featuring earlier bloom with first-year flowering behavior, excellent garden vigor and high uniformity. rev 5/2019

Hidcote    flowers    blooming plant    cruciform foliage    a seed strain, and has been for many years, with cutting-propagated crops from better seedlings sold under this name as well. (Is there a single, true, vetted, actually-really-original-clonally-propagated plant left on this earth? And ditto for 'Munstead.') This is a superior landscape or garden variety,  with very compact growth to 1-2’ tall, 3' or a little more wide. This has more or less the darkest purple buds and flowers of any pure L. angustifolia variety, with flowering hitting peak usually in late May for us. It makes a good cut flower for windowsill jars and similar, but total height of flowers and stem is usually about 12". Fragrance after cutting is moderate, and fades away in a few days. rev 6/2016

Munstead    masses of flowers   cutting grown, or consistent seed strain, Stephanie Mills' garden 2013   habit and seedling variation, parking lot commercial landscape      cruciform juvenile foliage    the bees!   to ~1’ tall by 2' across but varying, almost always very tight, with medium purple flowers. Tends to have very grey-white, cruciform foliage when young and spread wider than tall. This one is a little slower and needs a little better drainage than the others. 3/2019

'SuperBlue'   PP24929   June flowers   a very compact, short, dense variety, to just about 12" tall by twice as wide. It produces short spikes of ultra-deep purple blue then rather large medium purple flowers. Very free flowering, in color from late spring through fall, against typical green-then-grey foliage, and flowers are heavily scented with classic sweet lavender fragrance. This new-ish variety displays improved performance in hot, humid condition (such as with summer irrigation in hot-summer areas, or in the eastern US in summer). Use it for fresh or dried flowers, as an excellent nectar source for all types of bees and especially small beneficials, butterflies, moths and all types of pollinating insects. Full or mostly full sun, average to well-drained soil, moderate to very infrequent summer watering. USDA zone 4/Sunset 1-24. rev 6/2019

'Thumbelina Leigh' PP15231  early may, quart containers   an ultra-fragrant, ultra-compact, ultra-repeat-blooming variety with ultra-large flowers (for an ultra-compact variety). rev 5/2020

canariensis  (not currently in production)   flowers   branched spikes of light lavender blue flowers against classy darker purple sepals, blooming from spring through fall, against a backdrop of ferny pinnate grey leaves. Forms an open upright shrub to 2' tall with spikes reaching to over 3' in sheltered positions. Sun, good drainage, relatively neutral soils, infrequent watering when established. This has survived 25F in an open field but failed to emerge the next spring and the same winter low following a season of weak growth, presumably due to a lack of stored reserves. With a little less frost, more water, a little less weed competition and perhaps any kind of caring attitude it should perform really well. Sun to some shade, low water requirements, good drainage, hardy to USDA zone 9b. rev 8/2020

x chaytoriae 'Silver Sands'  (not currently in production)  purple against silver   resulting from crossing English (L. angustifolia) and Wooly types (L. lanata), this silvery foliage and dark purple flowers make a great, waterwise hedge around the herb, veggie, or flower garden, about 20" tall and wide. Sun, good drainage. Prune back by one third after blooming for tidy, dense foliage. USDA zone 8/Sunset 8, 9, 12-24. rev 5/2020

dentata candicans   (not currently in production)  GREY FRENCH LAVENDER   garden habit    nice commercial planting    a useful Mediterranean shrub for color, texture, and durability, getting about 30" tall by 4-5' wide, eventually spreading to act as a serviceable groundcover for large areas. This blooms for a really long time and makes a very nice container plant also. It has light purple "flags" at the top of each flower spike, and the leaf edges are cut. At least half sun, good drainage, very little summer watering when established. This isn't new strictly speaking, but it has been at least 15 years since we've offered it so it is almost as good as new! Cold hardy to about 15F. Spain, Morocco, Algeria. USDA zone 9/Sunset 8-9, 12-24. rev 5/2020

‘Goodwin Creek’    closeup    Lighthouse Point    soft, densely woolly grey green leaves have coarsely serrate margins near the tips and rolled margins. Grows with a very lush, compact habit and doesn't seem to suffer from any dieback problems. Produces small, very dark purple flowers on tall, thin stalks in spring and summer. Reported to be a hybrid of  L. dentata and L. lanata, this is an excellent, reliable form. This very noteworthy development is grown mostly for its foliage but is quite distinctive when in bloom. A must for any grey foliage lover.rev 5/2020

x intermedia    LAVANDIN    an adaptable hybrid, of  L. angustifolia and L. latifolia. Separated from the "English" lavenders by their always at least somewhat branched flower stalks, slightly later flowering, and recurrent bloom until fall. The original strains were selected for heavy production of lavender oil. Later cultivars were selected for showiness. Along with L. dentata and the L. stoechas varieties, they are probably the most impressively showy lavenders. rev 5/2020

‘du Provence’    flowering plants in our nursery to 3’ tall, 4-5’ wide, with heavy production of flower stalks to 4’ borne over a long season. A great variety, vigorous, reliable, relatively large, fragrant, and very showy. The most commonly encountered L. intermedia variety. rev 10/2009
'Gros Bleu'  late season bloom  another in a string of recent, very excellent lavendin hybrids, this particular selection focused on very long spikes bearing very dark blue flowers, on very long flower-stems that separate well above the extremely compact, dense, grey-white foliage. Typical tough lavendin constitution, tolerating full sun, dry soils, and requiring virtually no care. rev 5/2020
‘Grosso’    flowering plants in our nursery    closeup    compact growth with thick spikes of dark purple buds and purple flowers.  rev 12/2010
'Phenomenal' PP24193  a selection that has proven to be as durable and resistant to root problems as promised. This originated on the East Coast at Lloyd and Candy Travern's Peace Tree Farms, which serves the DC area. So you know it can take things hot 'n humid. Typical purple flowers are produced from early summer until early fall. Initially this was a notoriously shy bloomer for us in 1g containers. The last several crops though have been blooming consistently in summer,  leading me to think the cuttings taken for those first  crops may have come from stock plants driven hyper-juvenile by hard and repeated harvesting of URC as the variety was being numerically increased exponentially. rev 5/2020
‘Twickel Purple’    flower spikes    almost identical to ‘Grosso,’ but slightly lower and the flower and buds are slightly redder, appearing dark violet purple. Excellent fragrance. Considered by some to be a variety of L. angustifolia. rev 12/2010
‘White’   (not currently in production)   flowers    the best white lavender, for vigor, clean color, and habit. Quite showy when in bloom. It is also a good foliage plant, with felty, grey white foliage closely set on a compact but vigorous shrub to 2' tall by 4' or so across. rev 8/2005

latifolia   SWEET LAVENDER (not currently in production)  first flower stalks  long, slender, diagnostically branched spikes hold intensely fragrant, medium purple flowers in summer. This is a large, relatively open grower, the flower stalks spreading apart as they mature and extend. It has a much greener overall look in the landscape than any of the other highly fragrant types. It's strongest attributes are its strong, intense, true lavender smell and considerable heat and rot resistance, especially with summer irrigation, compared to pure English types or the L. intermedia hybrids ('Du Provence,' 'Grosso,' etc.). The latter are of course crosses between this and English Lavender (L. angustifolia), and they offer most of this one's fragrance and a little of its durability. If you want a plant with real Naked and Afraid-level survivability, choose this one! It also has by far the longest bloom season, from late spring through fall, plus it has that true lavender aroma. What a great low border hedge this might make. Just prune it back by one third after blooming, give average to very little watering once established, and make the bees and everyone else very happy. Sun, still best with at least average drainage and mineral soils over clays or highly amended planting sites. Spain, southern France, northern Italy. USDA zone 5/Sunset zones 8, 9, 12-24. rev 5/2020

multifida    (not currently in production)  FERNLEAF LAVENDER, EGYPTIAN LAVENDER   closeup   we found this improved form at a wonderful retail nursery, Baker's Acres near Columbus, Ohio. It has improved color intensity, flowering in a very dark purple blue. Like the other forms of this species it has delicate, finely cut, ferny foliage, reaches 2' tall by 2-3' wide, and displays its narrow flower clusters well above the leaves on tall spikes. Sun, good drainage, little summer watering when established. USDA zone 8 (deciduous), evergreen if frost free. Spain, Portugal, southern Italy, Canary Islands through northwestern Africa and the Nile Valley. rev 5/2020

'Regal Splendour'  flowers  a New Zealand-bred hybrid between two Iberian natives, Spanish Lavender (L. stoechas) and the chartreuse to pale yellow flowering Green Lavender (L. viridis), the latter bringing considerable heat tolerance to the cross. Foliage is cut and somewhat like French Lavender (L. dentata) but deeper green and held more vertically, flower spikes resemble Spanish Lavender but with very largeer, showy dark violet purple terminal bracts. It is a naturally low, compact grower with dense foliage, reaches ~30" tall and wide. It will initiate flowers on any new growth which is mature and experiences temps ~45-55°F as long as it is actively growing. Sun to half shade, average drainage, low water requirements, heat tolerant, hardy to USDA zone 7. rev 8/2020

stoechas   SPANISH LAVENDER, ITALIAN LAVENDER   an evergreen, woody species with green to grey foliage and usually tiny flowers on cone-like clusters held above the foliage. It is almost always sold as an improved, cutting-grown selection when sold in California. The usual improvement is that the normally tiny apical bracts seen in the wilder forms are much larger and more conspicuous in the selections. Those showy purple bracts in their many iterations make this it one of the truly great Mediterranean garden perennials and one of the very best lavenders, and saying either is a huge compliment. The combination of purple on (usually) grey foliage, combined with compact habit, and almost continuous flowering make it a plant your eye will be drawn toward any time you enter the garden. It also attracts hummingbirds and butterflies, and bees whether those are a problem or a joy. Personally I like the buzzing and activity, and bees collecting honey are generally too busy and sated on sugar to bother anyone. We in the trade almost take this plant for granted but few plants give their gardening owners as much pleasure. It is absolutely stunning when used  en masse. It looks good next to practically anything but looks especially nice against coral or dark leaved phormiums and large grasses like Stipa gigantea. I have usually seen it less than 30-36" high but it often spreads to over 5'. Like all lavenders it likes its drainage to be good but it will easily tolerate less than perfect conditions. It doesn't seem picky about soil type. It can tolerate almost no summer watering in most parts of the state but in the hotter regions it will tend to curl up and look rather dried out and dead, like some our native sages, after a few months without at least occasional irrigation. Facultative Long Day flower initiation, it is usually in bloom by mid-February to early March and will hold the last flowers until late fall. Considered frost hardy for all of California except the higher half of the Sierra Nevada and the colder parts of the northeastern corner. Portugal through Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey, Mediterranean Islands. USDA zone 7/Sunset zones 5-24. rev 5/2020

Anouk series  an excellent line, generally compact and dense. The original variety, a green form named simply 'Anouk,' was selected as an L. stoechas variety that was the most cold hardy and resistant to foliage problems in the miserable, cold, wet winters of coastal Northern Europe than anything else trialed. Remember this is at heart a very southerly sourced, warm/dry loving species. The additions to the line retain the weather tolerance but spread the colors while varying modestly in habit. They all  bloom freely, reach about 14-18" tall and shouldn't be bothered by gophers except for when they build a mound over the crown as protection from being dug out by coyotes. Sometimes the crowns can rot out when they get buried a foot deep in dirt like that. They will need little watering once established. The series was really started off though with the still-incomparable 'Silver Anouk,' which was found as a branch sport on the original green 'Anouk.' rev 4/2021

'Anouk Deep Rose'     deep, deep, deep rosy purple      well, deep purple anyway, with a little rose (violet) thrown in, maybe. A great, really strong color, yet another in this superb line from Ball, and so far holding up extremely well under our admittedly-cooler-than-normal temps yet also more-intense-than-normal light levels. A strong rebloomer, grows to 14-16" tall, 12-14" wide. rev 5/2020

'
Anouk Double'
   intense, very dark purple   double the bracts on top, compact green foliage. rev 5/2015 

'Anouk Supreme'
 intense purple   grey-green leaves, compact, very nice dark purple flowers, to about 14-18" tall.
 rev 4/2021 

'Anouk White'
    white and blue   the clean, bright white bracts are very broad and nicely fimbriated along the margins. They serve as beacons that catch your eye from far away, then up close you see the tiny, deep blue flowers along the actual flower stalk. Nice combo! White L. stoechas varieties in general are plagued by the flaw that old flowers fade to brown, which problem can be severe enough to preclude even using them in the first place. These one fade to a more neutral tan and are less obvious, which can be seen in the Morrissey Blvd. landscape image.
That is a small but very important detail. rev 4/2021  

'Silver Anouk' PP 20,068   
deep purple flowers      April, Los Gatos, 3 years old    dry landscape   compact, blooming young plant      stems bend over from weight of flowers   grow this for its spectacularly silver-white foliage. It can be show-stopping when its deep purple flowers are at their peak but don't plant it for that. This has a shorter bloom period and starts about two weeks later than most, usually starting in early to mid March. Its highest value is as a spectacular silver-white foliage plant and it does that all year long, wet season or dry. I can always find a way to fit another one into the landscape due to its value for breaking up large blocks of green foliage or as a background canvas for other plants to display against. Late summer drought and heat reduces flower output but it becomes a striking silvery white presence in the garden. It's the tallest in the series, to about knee high, quickly, and eventually to 4' wide or more after those heavy-blooming stems arch over from the weight of the rain or dewdrop on the flowers, sometimes claiming as much as 5-6' of space if not cut back in fall or winter. This incredible and incredibly useful form was found as a single branch sport within a block of the normal-green 'Anouk.' Hardy to USDA zone 6, incredibly! rev 4/2021

I love this plant. First of all it is ungodly tough, and will almost always survive my own personal landscape planting technique, which usually means just one or two waterings right after planting then nothing until next season's rain, even in full sun. (I DO NOT recommend that!) As far as I can tell it is competely gopher-proof when established so I don't even use a basket, just a piece of chicken wire on top immediately surrounding the crown (see the gopher-mound problem discussed in "Anouk series," above). I planted many 1g plants at our old home in Los Gatos in the middle of winter during the third and final year of California's most extreme drought on record. I watered those poor plants in, gave them just two more deep waterings two weeks apart then nothing ever again. The surrounding soil was wet down two inches but completely dry below and it stayed that way until late the next November. Those plants remained looking silver but on close inspection were the foliage was shriveled and dry - but alive. That dense coating of silver hairs fully protected them until they flushed out with the rains that ended the drought. None died and none suffered any dieback. Maybe the tough but touch L. lanata could equal that performance but also maybe not. I've successfully repeated that experiment many times at my current property in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Another extremely valuable application is for defining and highlighting the entrances or margins of roads, driveways or parking areas, near mailboxes or other obstructions, etc. The foliage is strongly reflective of headlights even in a dry-dormant state and that really helps on a rainy night on my long, relatively steep, curvy driveway. rev 4/2021

Bandera series    Deep Purple  Deep Rose   Pink   Purple   ultra-compact with very broad, often relatively rounded terminal flag-petals. rev 5/2020

‘Dedication’    closeup    garden    thinner foliage and thinner, bluer, more numerous bracts that are very tall and wavy. The bracts tend to display with a little more angle than the strictly vertical presentation seen in most other cultivars. This is one of the very best varieties, with bluer tone and very conspicuous color against very grey foliage, and it really lights up when it is in full bloom with light coming from behind it. rev 3/2013

'Ghostly Princess'  flowers   silvery foliage hyperspace-jump effect   foliage is almost as silvery as the sublime and extremely tough 'Silver Anouk,' but with pale, ghostly lavender pink flowers. This is turning out to be a very popular variety! rev 10/2018

Javelin Forte series   Deep Purple   Deep Rose   White   from breeder Syngenta: "Strong well-branched habits. Exceptional disease tolerance holds up through the rigors of production and into the garden." They say to 20" tall by 16" wide but they also categorize it as "annual" since most will be sold back East. I estimate at least 18" tall by 2' wide or more here with age and happiness. rev 5/2020

'Laveanna'  (not currently in production)  Grand Purple   White     breeder Danziger's take on the Spanish/Italian lavender craze, very early, with improved bracts over the wild types, dense, compact habits. rev 5/2019

Madrid series   Lavish Pink    Midnight Blue  Pink  Pink, landscape plant  Purple   White    a compact line from breeder Hishtil, early flowering from planting out, growing to about 18" tall, mounding and spreading. New, stronger colors and improved bract sizes, some simply gigantic. rev 7/2021

‘Otto Quast’    closeup    more close up    simple container    mature    Mills Garden    Mills Garden, backlit    the most commonly seen selection, with especially large, showy light purple bracts. Also known as L. stoechas pedunculata. It is not clonal in the trade but represents a range of similar strains. Some of these selections are sold uner their own, separate names. rev 3/2013

'Voodoo' PP 25739  big ears    Hans and crew on Tie Dye Friday     the best Spanish Lavender on the market? It is like 'Dedication' but with larger, broader, more numerous and darker purple "rabbit ears" bracts which are held at a wider angle. As with all Spanish lavenders the intensity and even shade of color varies with temperature, being darker and bluer under cool conditions. To about 2' tall and a little wider. rev 5/2016  MBN INTRODUCTION-2012

'With Love'  bracts   over-the-top frilly pink terminal flag-bracts, sumptuously displayed in a dense show across the crown of the plant. Too bad you can't graze it like a cow, it looks delicious in full bloom. rev 5/2020

Lemmaphyllum microphyllum   BEAN FERN  tiny green carpet   this charming treasure, a slowly creeping miniature, forms a 1" high mat on tree fern trunks, rocks, old logs, the outer walls or wood shingles of your forest home, anywhere it can creep and have light and moisture. Most easily for you (and us!) in cool, coastal areas it grows happily in a container mix of the smallest grade of fir bark sold, commonly known as Cymbidium bark. Inland use more peat moss, and some perlite. Scrambles around on the trunks of container plants, greenhouse benches, moist, humusy areas in your garden. Also great for terraria, or as a house or indoor/outdoor plant in cooler, shadier spots. Water it regularly but lightly, intermittently, it can dry in between. Hardy to 20-25F, USDA zone 9/Sunset zones 14-17, 21-24. Eastern Asia. Polypodiaceae. rev 5/2020

Lemon Grass  (Cymbopogon spp.)   (not currently in production) two forms, both tender subtropical to tropical species, are commonly grown and can be used interchangeably. Harvest whole culms at any time of year. Southeast Asia. Protect from frost. Poaceae/Graminae. rev 10/2017

Eastern Lemon Grass (C. flexuosus)   (not currently in production)  leaves  native to mainland Southeast Asia, less commonly seen than Western Lemon Grass. Can be raised from seed or division. rev 5/2018
Western Lemon Grass (C. citratus)   (not currently in production)  leaves  widely distributed from southern Asia through the island chains of Southeast Asia. Slightly more popular than Eastern, must be raised from culm divisions. rev 5/2018

Leonotis leonurus    LION’S TAIL, WILD DAGGA    closeup    with cactus & green Victorian    why you use a grape stake fence    bright orange, curved, tubular flowers appear in whorled clusters borne on tall spikes in summer and fall. All Leonotis spp. are great for attracting hummingbirds. When in bloom spikes on happy, established shrubs can reach to over 6’ tall, can spread to over 6-7' wide in a good site. Best cut back (if needed) in late summer for most of California, it appears to initiate flower buds on mature growth with chill and/or shorter days. A somewhat tender subtropical soft-wooded shrub which is well-adapted to California's mild, very dry Mediterranean climate. Foliage is damaged below 28°F but it can survive much lower, sprouting from the roots. When well established it can often survive on minimal summer watering, even in most of our hotter areas. In those colder areas cut back in late winter to remove any freeze damage or to shape. Bloom should occur by late spring or if not then later in fall. Sun to part shade, infrequent summer watering. USDA zone. South Africa. Labiatae/Lamiaceae. rev 5/2018

menthifolia 'Savannah Sunset'     flower cluster   tubular, fuzzy orange flowers appear in tall, upright, whorled clusters. Small scalloped leaves are strongly fragrant. To 5-6' tall when in bloom, summer and fall. Sun, little watering required once established, deer resistant. USDA zone 8/Sunset 8-24. rev 7/2015

Leptinella   (not currently in production) a genus of low, creeping perennials, with small, rounded cushion-like clusters of flowers, lacking rays. Compositae/Asteraceae. rev 6/2015

potentillina   BRASS BUTTONS (not currently in production)   with rock  a very low, 2" tall, usually evergreen spreader with Potentilla-like leaves (ferny). Tiny yellow flowers appear in tight, round, rayless, cushiony, composite clusters, held above the foliage, in spring and summer. Easy to grow in sun or part shade and most soils with average watering. Lynn Jackson reports that in his Santa Cruz landscape installations he has seen it go completely top-deciduous with summer drought, then recover completely to a lush carpet with the first fall rains. This is a great choice for use between stepping stones, in small rock-nook vignettes, or as a larger scale groundcover. It's petite size makes it useful for railroad gardens or other miniature displays. USDA 4/Sunset all zones. rev 6/2015

squalida BRASS BUTTONS  (not currently in production)   small scale   ferny green and brown leaves with rayless daisy flowers in summer. Feel-good-on-the-feet lawn substitute, between stepping stones, or groundcover in a container, it's low, easy, and wants regular watering. Just inches tall and spreading, likes nice soil but can adapt to less. From New Zealand. All Sunset zones/USDA 4 but deciduous below about 20F. Also classified as a Cotula. New Zealand. Compositae/Asteraceae. rev 3/2013-Suzy Brooks  

'Platt's Black'   BRASS BUTTONS   (not currently in production)   stompables   an extra low, coppery black matting plant that you can use to fill bare spots or as a backdrop for lighter, taller subjects. It also makes a surprisingly good large container plant,eventually  formng a cascading dome of distinctive foliage. Grows by very tight underground stolons. Color is blackest in full, direct sunlight. It can look very striking filling in against the right color rocks. rev 3/2013

Leptocarpus (Apodasmia) similis   JOINTED WIRE GRASS, OI OI   (not currently in production)   UC Berkeley Botanic Garden entrance     male flower detail    joint detail   a New Zealand native Restiorelative, with other species in Australia and Chile. Spreading forming spreading clumps of grey green, jointed stems to 30-36" tall. It prefers average to almost inundated conditions to establish but is quite drought tolerant when established, and highly water-stress tolerant as a container plant. It also tolerates high salinity. Plants are dioecious (separate male and female plants), ours are all males from division. Full to at least half sun, average to very open drainage, regular watering to establish. Sunset zones 5-9, 14-24/USDA zone 8. Restionaceae. rev 6/2013

Leptospermum    sprawling groundcovers, shrubs and trees, native to Australia and New Zealand. Many Australian Leptospermums will tolerate considerable water in winter, with some growing in saturated soils or even standing water, as long as that water moves at least a little bit. All trade forms  will tolerate or even require some summer dry-down. All perform very well untended in most well-populated areas of California once established except for needing a little more water than our native flora. For both the Australian and New Zealand Leptospermum species, retail advice to the consumer should include plenty of watering until plants are well established. Myrtaceae. rev 9/2020

‘Dark Shadows’    flowers    small tree    a seedling of a seedling of an Australian variety (or hybrid) called ‘Copper Spray,’ renamed by Jeff Brooks during Phase I of his Production Manager career with us. This fast, broad, spreading shrub-thing reaches 15' tall by 20' across and can quickly be headed into a tree, most dramatically when left in its natural, multistemmed condition. Rather large leaves (for a Leptospermum, that is) are shiny, soft-textured and flushed dark burgundy maroon wherever they encounter direct sunlight. Creamy white single flowers to 3/4" across initiate on mature wood under long-day conditions and provide a nice show when they open in early summer. This thing is big, and fast. In full sun it is the darkest-foliaged Lepto that we know of, and makes an outstanding background or centerpiece specimen. Its long sprays of foliage move easily in a breeze, and the trailing branches create an overall luxuriant look. Sun (for color), drought tolerant, damaged at 25°F and very, very unhappy at 20°F. rev 1/2017

horizontalis    flowers   unruned habit, UC Santa Cruz   another UCSC plant, very old   seed pods   nice 1g samples    this is a very fast, wide-spreading shrub or groundcover to about 2-4’ tall, 8-12’ wide. It quickly covers a large amount of area with foliage dense enough to completely exclude weeds while requiring very little summer watering, if any, once established. In addition it will tolerate winter inundation, and a specimen here at our nursery was sited on a very thin veneer of soil over impenetrable sandstone, with water running above ground over the crown at least four months of the year then no irrigation at all. It was the source of our new crops. This plant lived for 25 years until someone scraped it off with a tractor bucket. Young branch tips reach out quickly, then the secondary branches hang down in dramatic fashion. Large pure white flowers are rarely seen in container culture but are often very heavily produced once established once in the ground, providing a stunning single mass display in late April to late May, with repeat bloom possible on later growth in cool-summer areas. With a little attention to removing the taller branches this variety can become a solid green carpet  2' tall by 20' across in 4-5 years. In most situations I would recommend planting this on very widely-spaced centers, just as you would Carmel Creeper, i.e. no less than 8-10' apart, plus that far away from any walkways or driveways. Any less and they will tend to mound up as they all compete for room. The short, hard, triangular, deep green leaves have quite prickly tips but they won't puncture. Top hardy to between 25°F and 20 °F, may survive to regrow from roots below 20 °F. This has formerly classified as a form of L. scoparium v. horizontalis as well as L. continentale. On Rodger Elliot's last visit (2019) he mentioned this is currently being treated as its own separate species, L. horizontalis, but stay tuned. Southeastern Australia. Myrtaceae. UC Santa Cruz.rev 9/2020

Besides smothering weeds the dense growth offers good  protection for quail or other (good) wild creatures, if you are lucky enough to have them in or near your yard. I have seen very dramatic, large-scale plantings in commercial situations, especially on slopes, which look particularly striking but the examples seen in the images above are all of single specimens at the UCSC Arboretum. Those big, pure white flowers attract hummingbirds with their copious nectar production and are followed by large, silvery, quite ornamental seed pods which are retained along the branches for years. Where it does become woody it becomes more attrative, with silvery branches displaying those seed pods, highlighting the pendant nature of the branchlets and contrasting with the dark green foliage. While often looking open and somewhat sparse when sold in 1g containers plants fill in very quickly once planted. Often customers order this variety thinking they will receive another very dissimilar and unrelated form,  L. ‘Pink Cascade, a very prostrate selection of the New Zealand species L. scoparium, which has soft, very prostrate branches and modestly showy single deep pink flowers. In addition to being far showier L. horizontalis is radically faster, far tougher, a much denser weed barrier, far more cold and drought tolerant and far more interesting when not in bloom. With regular irrigation on young plants this is in a small, select group of very low, very fast, reliable woody groundcovers that includes Carmel Creeper (Ceanothus griseus v. horizontlis), Grevillea 'Poorinda Royal Mantle' and G. 'Austraflora Fanfare.' This variety was completely undamaged at 20°F in 5g containers in 1990 but died because all the white roots froze off when the soil in the containers began to freeze through. It has been out of the trade for years but its time has returned, in spades. rev 9/2020

scoparium    NEW ZEALAND TEA TREE    don't do this    native grove recreated at the Edward Landels Garden, UCSC    all our brightly colored selections here in California derive from New Zealand. There were formerly Australian forms and selections considered to belong to this species but most have been reclassified into separate genera. Those are often hardier, always white, and so far not yet available in this country. New Zealand Tea Trees need at least half a day of sun and ample watering upon planting. They need very little to no irrigation when established but will look better with at least a little. They are hardy down to about 20F, below which they are almost always killed due to a complete lack of live buds on older wood. The crown and bases of the older roots alone can also be killed at or near ground level if the soil freezes hard across the trunk. Tea Tree branches cut in full bloom last well and are available commercially, especially the double flowering forms, which are more resistant to shattering. rev 1/2017

‘Apple Blossom’    closeup    double light pink flowers, often flushing all at once. Fast growth with a relatively vertical habit when young, eventually spreading. The foliage turns dark when exposed to cold weather. Often blooms very early and stays in flower over a long season. rev 9/2020
'Burgundy Queen'  (not currently in production)   closeup    bush    double dark red flowers against dark burgundy foliage. Fast, vertical growth to 10-12’. rev 9/2020
‘Crimson Glory’   (not currently in production)   closeup    very large, double darkest red flowers against burgundy foliage. Compact rounded growth to 4-6’ tall and wide. rev 9/2020
‘Gaiety Girl’    closeup    in full bloom    double medium pink flowers against green foliage. To 8-10’, upright then spreading. rev 9/2020
‘Helene Strybing’    closeup    clipped    medium-sized single pink flowers with a dark eye. Fast, somewhat open growth to 12-15’. rev 9/2020
‘Pink Pearl’    closeup    pink buds open to double white flowers. Essentially all white when in full bloom. Relatively vertical growth to 8-10’. rev 9/2020
‘Red Ensign’    closeup    single dark red flowers with a dark eye, to 1/2" across. Dark green foliage, with very red new growth, on a rounded plant to 8-10’. rev 9/2020
‘Ruby Glow’    closeup    why you plant it    clipped    double light rosy red flowers. Foliage is green, with slight burgundy tinge in cold weather. Upright to rounded habit. rev 9/2020

Leucadendron    that's “leuca,” not “leuco.” These are shrubs and small trees related to Banksia and Grevillea, all from South Africa. They are mostly grown for their colored bracts, which subtend cone-like flower clusters, usually in winter, but they are also quite valuable for their mostly neat, durable, often rich green or reddish tinged summer foliage and neat, almost formal habits. Some are used for silvery or silky foliage effects and willowy or wispy habits. Most like good drainage, moderate frost, and infrequent summer watering, but there are exceptions to each. All species are dioecious, male and female flowers are produced on separate plants. In most the male bract displays are usually brighter but at the cost of a shorter period of color. Female flower heads and bracts usually need more time to develop (more mass-density in that cone!) but also stay in color longer. In addition, in our experience in production as well as in the ground, males tend to be pickier about drainage and watering, females are often more forgiving and longer-lived. Both almost always have value as cut "flowers," or have attractive, decorative cones. Many are used just for their cut green foliage as well. They make very forgiving and underrated container plants, able to take much more drought stress than most plants without damage. They are essentially fire adapted chaparral plants, and thus are relatively short lived, tending to last 10-15 years before declining, splitting at the base, blowing over, or just plain turning up their toes and going brown. That's okay; they are fast, bloom easily, free up a lot of room when they are gone, and you're probably ready to look at something in that spot by now anyway. Some have lignotubers or can sprout from the base or roots and can be refreshed by cutting back to close to ground level. Proteaceae. South Africa. rev 2/2019

'Afterburner'   peak bloom    first gallons    October, just starting to color    striking colors   first 5g, January    Stellafied, with the late, saintly Stella   an analog of the already-excellent 'Little Bit,' this is essentially an improved, slightly different version of that stunning and overwhelmingly popular little flower powerhouse. When in bloom the solid display of brilliant flowers and bracts can damage your eyes so keep sunglasses handy. It is distinguished by slightly larger overall size, slightly larger (medium-size) bracts, slightly warmer-color, brighter red stems, larger leaves, same dense habit, stronger growing-season color on new growth (see Stella's picture) and earlier bloom. Most notably it is less sensitive to root rots and more forgiving of drainage than the picky 'Bit,' noticeably better in production. And like all our new-gen hybrids it is crazy-good about breaking juvenile growth heavily from the very base of the crown, with or without cutting back. This looks to top out at 3-4' without pruning, by perhaps 4-5' across, with a dense, compact habit, forming an almost solid dome of dazzling color in peak season. Initiation is most likely by chill but short days could be involved also. As this is now a standard production variety for us we might notice scattered or maybe even repeat flowering again during the year, time will tell. This open-pollinated seedling first bloomed in 2015 is probably the result of L. discolor (male) crossing with one of the L. salignum females close by. Its working handle until now was 'Prunetucky Floyd,' so if you find an old label in your plant this is what you have. We're guessing frost hardiness to be around 25°F like its two presumed parents. Typical conditions of sun/part shade, at least average drainage, moderate to very little water during the dry season. USDA zone 9. rev 5/2021  MBN INTRODUCTION-2021

argenteum  SILVER TREE (not currently in production)   mature male specimens, UCSC Arboretum     female flowers     ripe female seed pods     seed pod closeup     ready for travel!    one of the most striking and dramatic statement plants you can grow in Mediterranean climates. The highly reflective, silvery foliage looks great against any background, including blue sky as you can see in the images. Plants are either male or female, and only male plants are at all showy when in bloom, producing a modestly white colored bract which reflexes slightly. Female seed pods can be over 4" tall, and are quite ornamental, looking much like pine cones when dried (and you can buy them that way). When the pods dry out the ripe seeds are pulled out by a slender filament attached to a wonderful miniature "parachute," and drift away on the wind. This legendary but somewhat (just somewhat!) demanding plant, makes a great focal point or repeating, anchor-theme planting subject for landscapes. Here's what you need:  little or no frost below 25-27 F, at least on a yearly basis,  with ultimate lows above approx. 23F. You also need a relatively cool summer, average to good drainage in an average to mineral soil, little or no mid to late-summer watering when established, and freedom from strong fertilizers, phosphate in particular.USDA zone 9/Sunset zones 16-17, 21-24. rev 12/2015

discolor ‘Pom Pom’    incredible flowers    full grown bush, UCSC Arboretum    from above    against the sky    wonderful foliage    male. This is one of my favorite plants, certainly my favorite Leucadendron. A moderate grower to 6' or so, distinguished by oval leaves with a steely blue to grey green color and often purplish tones to the edges or even the entire terminal leaves during cool weather. The subtending cone bracts turn almost blonde white in spring and open widely to reveal the cone-like cluster of minute, hot red and yellow male flowers within. This is a very showy species with good cold hardiness that must have acid soils, good drainage, preferably sandy or mineral soils, and careful summer watering. It needs some irrigation but it should not receive too much, nor receive it too frequently, nor should it completely dry out under very hot, dry conditions. It will tolerate frost down to around 20°F so should be good into the Central Valley and surrounding foothills if you can manage the summer watering. This may be the best selection of the species, though probably a little harder to grow than most. It is well worth special attention. Like all the Leucadendrons, it is a first rate cut flower but this is also probably the showiest of them all. Seems to require SD for initiation but develops late winter/early spring. rev 5/2020

'Ebony' PP23258   foliage and bract colors   a branch sport of 'Safari Sunset,' with deep burgundy-black new growth and dark burgundy red and black bracts when blooming. Leaves are shiny black-red their first year, becoming a greener black in their second season. Best against bright green plants or lighter colored walls and fences. Makes a fabulous cut flower, of course! Same specs and paramaters as 'Safari Sunset,' and also female, of course. rev 6/2018

galpinii    HAIRLESS SANDVELD CONEBUSH, SILVER BALLS    cones    distinctive foliage   to 6-8' tall, with robust vertical stems that bear fine grey green leaves held in a characteristic propeller twist near the ends of the branches. Silky round female cones appear in late spring and summer. This primarily a foliage plant, unlike most other members of this genus which, while nice for leaves alone, are primarily grown for their showy bracts. This species is more subtle but very noticeable in the landscape and quite attractive. Its cones are still quite attractive as a cut flower. Likes its drainage to be at least average. Female. Sunset zones 8-9, 14-24. rev 2/2014

'Hawaii Magic' PP29636  flower heads  mature leaf colors  compact growth with very blue foliage, leaves edged in maroon.  Bracts open salmon-blond and mature to rich deep violet red. Leaves and flower bracts offer an unusual color combination. To about 4' x 4'. rev 5/2020 

'Inca Gold'   closeup   nice order    overhead    UCSC, January 2010   the best yellow? Narrow, tulip-shaped flowers to 3-4" tall or more, outer bracts are light to medium golden yellow, innermost are close to ivory white. All are tipped with burgundy and display against deep coral red stems. Narrow, smooth, bright green leaves and an upright open to spreading shape give the plant a willowy appearance. To 6-7' tall by 6-10' wide unpruned, much denser and compact with pruning after bloom.  Relatively forgiving and easy to grow in average soils and conditions. ed light yellow to ivory white bracts. To 4-5' tall and wide. Awarded an RHS Award of Garden Merit, high honor! Probably frost hardy to ~25F and should survive lower with varying amounts of damage. rev 5/2020

‘Jester’    new foliage    at Chris Chaney's    open bracts, SF Zoo   more color    also known as ‘Safari Sunshine,’ this plant has been around a while and we admittedly resisted raising it back when variegated plants were considered oddities. But with the new emphasis on foliage effects now we like it. It is a carnival-striped affair, green broadly edged creamy white to buff yellow, and tinting to coral pink, especially in cool or cold weather and especially towards the tips. When flowering (fall through spring) the bracts turn deep red then blond. Growth is slower than most and somewhat more compact, to 5-7' tall by 6-8' in a reasonable amount of time. Female form, sport of ‘Safari Sunset,' and sometimes referred to as 'Safari Sunshine.'  Female, as is its sport-parent. rev 5/2020

laxum  BREDASDORP CONEBUSH    very close     more flowers     a very light textured shrub to 4-6' tall and wide, bearing sprays of small male flowers in winter and early spring. New growth is especially fine, feathery and tinted maroon, mature leaves are deep green. This species is native to wetter habitats so while it only needs moderate watering it will always need some to make it through a California summer. Sun to part shade, average drainage needs, hardy to about 25F. USDA zone 9/Sunset 9, 16-17, 21-24. rev 3/2016

linifolium   female cones    happy plant in Manuel's garden   a very nice, well behaved, neat shrub to 4-5' tall and wide, with clean, needle-like foliage and small, silvery, rounded cones on the female plants we are growing. This is rather forgiving of soil and care, and frost tolerant to below 25F. While it doesn't offer showy bract color of it is very attractive in its own way and will fit in well in almost any Mediterranean landscape. Use it for its attractive, very fine foliage and texture, its compact, uniform growth and its very interesting seed heads. Female. Sunset zones 8-9, 13, 14-24/USDA zone 9. rev 2/2014

'Little Bit'  first flowers   why you grow it   new growth   a hybrid seedling, with L. salignum as the known female parent (possibly a 'Winter Red') and almost certainly L. discolor 'Pom Pon' as the wind-pollen donor. This is a compact, dense, rounded, arching to spreading shrub to about 3' tall by 3-4' wide or more. In mid-spring it completely covers itself in clouds of very small ivory white flowers with unusual fiery red columns of developing anther-flowers, often with a hard glossy column-center. The individual flowers then slowly open from the base and mature to pale yellow. Bushy, small textured, with bright green new foliage displays against coral red stems. Mature leaves are somewhat silvery green, noticeably fuzzy with distinctively curved silvery tips and a finely-defined maroon margin. The narrow ivory bracts also display characteristic maroon tips and densely clustered tiny silvery hairs. Very showy yet demure when flowering, 'Little Bit' is quite attractive but can be a bit tempermental and demanding, as princesses can be. Except "she" is a "he" (male flowers). She-he likes full to half sun, good drainage, acidic mineral soils if possible and some summer watering in hot-summer climates, best applies away from the immediate crown after established - water the root ball directly until it shows signs it has rooted into your native soil. It makes a good container variety as well. Probably hardy to around 25F, lower with early morning shade. USDA zone 9/Sunset 9 (water!), 15-17, 21-24. rev 5/2020  MBN INTRODUCTION-2013

meridianum ‘More Silver’ SILVER CONEBUSH, LIMESTONE CONEBUSH   incredible juvenile foliage    flower heads    again   an outstanding selection, but one of the most demanding species for soils and climate. It is grown primarily for its soft billows of extremely silvery foliage, especially when in juvenile phase, when the thin-textured young foliage moves easily and beautifully in the wind. Mature leaves are longer, greener, less silvery, thicker, more leathery and borne on longer internodes against mature stems that often turn bright coral red where exposed to sun. In winter bright yellow bracts form around the small but quite noticeable mass of brilliant golden yellow stamens. So far this seems to be an obligate-short-day plant for initiation, first showing bract color in from mid to late winter and holding its display through early spring. To 3-4' tall with age (slowly!), spreading to about twice it's height, kept smaller with post-bloom pruning, or cut-flower/foliage harvesting. This one needs good drainage, at least half a day of direct sun and as little frost as possible. It is native to limestone soils but that is probably not required for good growth. We've see leaves turn brown around 28F but some South African sites list it as hardy to USDA zone 8. We don't believe it, certainly not for this particular form, which probably will not survive temps much below 25F. USDA zone 9/Sunset zones 9, 16-24. rev 2/2019 

‘Pisa’    flowering     full grown shrub, UCSC Arboretum    cones    Mills Garden    another closeup   female. A L. coniferum x floridum cross, being a wispy, fast, narrow grower with rather willowy, very silver foliage and yellowish bracts surrounding small, cone-like female flower clusters in spring. To about 6' tall by 3-5' across. This one needs good drainage and relatively frost free climates. Excellent to cut for foliage as well as for its nice female cones. rev 2/2014

'Red Gem'    backlit    wonderful flowers      ruddy, fuzzy new leaves     juvenile foliage    a very nice variety for dark red foliage color and also for its brilliant coral red flower bracts which age to light salmon-blond, sometimes almost ivory white. This is close to 'Safari Sunset' overall but is considered by some experienced growers to be superior, being a little slower but smaller (approx. 4-6', vs. 7-12' or more for 'SS') and with a better, more compact habit. Leaves are noticeably brighter green, both juvenile and adult foliage, and there is much less bronzy color than seen in it's sister, on both juvenile and mature foliage. One reliable characteristic separating the two is that this variety sports small, dense clusters of very short, soft, silvery hairs at the very point of each leaf tip (both when juvenile or mature), almost resembling a spine. In 'SS' those are completely absent except for a very few on perhaps 2-3 of the innermost, fully mature flower bracts. This is another female selection, with a long season of color and forming persistent and useful ornamental cones. Hardy to close to 20F. Sun to part shade, tolerates wet soils in winter but needs demands drier summer conditions, outstanding as a container plant. A superb cut flower of course! USDA zone 9/Sunset zones 8-9, 14-24. rev 2/2019

'Reverse Polarity' PP30284   peak bloom   mature foliage   more bloom    sunset glow   a reverse-sport of 'Jester' I found in a block of that variety, with a subtler golden center-variegation pattern replacing the stark white leaf-margins of it's parent. Paradoxically the lighter leaf centers actually become deep red at peak bloom while the edges become light red and eventually glowing strawberry blond. The effect is really noticeable up close, which is why the new introduction really shines when in flower, and especially as as cut flower. Overall the color is a little warmer and brighter than either the original 'Safari Sunset' or its first known sport-offspring 'Jester.' Juvenile foliage can emerge mostly green, with just a few streaks of gold, mature leaves become increasingly colored, especially as plants age and with restricted fertilizing. Plan on it reaching 7-12' tall and wide unpruned, depending on age and growing conditions, roughly the same as its two sisters. This should finally be available (in modest quantities) later this year (2019). rev 5/2020 MBN INTRODUCTION-2017    

‘Rising Sun’    closeup, best color bloom    what you want    late spring UCSC Arboretum    closeup, late spring     summer, against the sky    a really good L. salignum x laureolum hybrid, with the fastest and most copious generation of showy flower bracts than any other variety, by far. You just can't keep this variety down. Flower size and color are both very close to 'Safari Sunset' ("the one to beat") but it has slightly thinner bracts and very slightly smaller flowers that are a shade lighter in color. It also has redder stems and is more resistant to pathogens. Vigorous, upright grower to 6-8' tall and wide unpruned, with an open habit.Can bloom any time of year on new growth which initiates with daytime chill. Excellent vigor, easy to grow, makes a great container plant for a few years if kept cut back. Female. rev 2/2019

'Safari Goldstrike'  blooming in late December  a large, lush, cut flower variety that bears ivory white flower heads and bracts, aging to deep golden yellow, against large bright green then dark green leaves and attractive burgundy red stems. The bract edges and tips become tinged and flushed with orange and peachy sunset shades, and the narrow bract edge and tip continues to darken until it is deep red. To about 6' tall and wide, growing with a dense, mostly upright habit and clean green foliage. Female form. Demands good drainage and not very much frost. Male. rev 2/2014

‘Safari Sunset’    UCSC Arboretum, full size    another plant, UCSC    flowers closeup    one of the very very best, in fact the recipient of a RHS Award of Garden Merit, as was 'Inca Gold.' Produces large, blazing coral red to fiery red chalice-shaped bracts with deep strawberry blonde centers at full maturity. Individual bracts are quite wide, enhancing the overall show of color. This  L. laureolum x salignum hybrid reaches a moderately open 7-12' by about as wide at full maturity, depending on site, care and whether pruned or harvested for its top-quality cut flowers and foliage filler. Established plants can initiate and come into full color 2-3 times per year depending on climate, reliably so in any moderate-summer-temperature locations. Flower initiation occurs on mature, seasonally-ripened stems which experience a modest amount of chill (~50-55F) under daylight conditions. This selection can be frustratingly variable between juvenile-phase and mature/flowering foliage, it's easy to think you have a different variety. New juvenile growth is relatively narrow, notably silky and a sombre dark green to dull bronzy or maroon green. Mature (blooming-age) foliage is much brighter green turning rich, dark green, with brighter red tips and is held on much redder stems. This is a relatively cold hardy, forgiving, durable and easy to grow variety with moderate to excellent vigor. Female. rev 2/2019

salignum   SUNSHINE CONEBUSH   this species, described in its Wikipedia article as "possibly the most common Proteaceae species in South Africa," is rather variable in texture and appearance. Forms range from ground covers through moderately large upright shrubs. Wild individuals are usually yellow, most forms in horticultural are red or pink. Pollinated by beetles. The selections below seem frost hardy to at least 25°F, possibly much less. Use them in USDA zone 8(a?)/Sunset zones 7-9, 14-24. Adventurous gardeners should try them in the warmest parts of USDA zone 8a and Sunset zone 7. Cape Region. rev 2/2019 

'Blush'  young bracts   mature bracts   originally selected for cut flower production, this variety is short, very compact, with rounded bluish leaves on short internodes. Purple-red bracts indicate forming flower heads, they turn brilliant red with ivory and strawberry inner bracts while flowers are opening, sometimes the entire head turns white. Eventually they turn glowing burgundy red and clasp the spent cones. To 3' Fine textured foliage, upright growth to perhaps 3'. Female flowers. Very, very nice! rev 2/2019

'Ceres 2'    whyyou grow it    typical middle aged plant    full blown maturity    favorite angle    particularly nice blond and warm ivory white to strawberry pink flower bracts, medium size plant. Faster, taller and wider than the very similar but ultra-compact 'Blush.' This UCSC Arboretum variety, one of four 'Ceres' seedlings they planted out, is I think easily the best of the lot. It makes a very good container plant for at least a few years, tolerating wide fluctuations in soil moisture levels without complaint and responding well to pruning. Of course it is a superior cut flower, one of the best. To about 6' tall and wide, unpruned. Typical growing conditions, full to mostly full sun, at least average drainage, mostly fall-spring watering but with enough summer watering to get it through in hot areas. Irrigate away from the crown if at all possible, and little or no fertilizing is usually called for beyond iron or trace element treatments. rev 2/2019

‘Chief’    best color    another picture, in bloom    willowy growth    reddish foliage    a fast, moderately dense, upright shrub or even small tree with pruning, to about 6-8' tall and wide, with a whippy or willowy habit. Leaves are quite narrow, dark green to bright green, to 2" long, and each has a dark red tip. The stems are bright to dark red and contrast nicely with the clean foliage, especially in late winter when the older leaves are lighter in color. The brilliant yellow stamens of the small male flower heads are subtended by small, very showy dark red outer bracts and very thin, bright citron yellow to blonde colored inner bracts, which color in winter and last until early spring. Sometimes the inner bracts even show a red zone at the center, for a nice bicolor effect. When colored up the flowers and bracts form a wonderfully showy canopy on the outside of the bush and almost look like clusters of minute Eryngium flowers. The new growth emerges dark maroon red, and is almost as showy as the bracts, contrasting quite strongly against the green foliage as it does. This species can be cut back very hard if needed for size or renewal reasons, even to the ground if called for, resprouting well from dormant buds on old wood or from its persistent, fire-resistant rootstock. However it should be cut back after bloom (spring) but no later than midsummer or you risk cutting off the mature growth which will bloom the following winter. It is an outstanding cut flower/foliage form that is commercially produced. This is a very adaptable variety, probably the easiest one to grow of all, and this species is the mostly widely distributed of the genus. Likes full or mostly full sun, at least average drainage, and occasional summer watering. Male selection. rev 2/2014

‘Golden Tulip’   why you grow it   young Los Gatos landscape    loading dock     buds just starting to color  previously sold by us as 'Golden Tip,' which is actually the common wildflower name in South Africa for the wild plants. Confusing. This form is a Jeff Rosendale selection of a Mike Astone field cut-flower seedling. Jeff recognized that its  commercial cut-flower flaws (shorter stems, often-horizontal branches leading to upright-bent flower heads) actually made it more useful and better adapted for garden/landscape applications. The shorter stems give it a more compact, presentable form, the partially spreading habit makes it better at covering more ground and thereby suppressing weeds. Named for the elegant shape and color of its terminal bracts, which range from light blonde through golden yellow, usually with ruddy strawberry highlights at the bract edges with age. To about 3' tall and 5' wide, narrow of petal and bract, graceful of growth and habit. The foliage is quite blue grey and offsets the strawberry and blond to light gold bracts and burgundy stems quite nicely. Fall and spring bloom, moderate cool-morning chill requirement needed (mature stems). Female form, so colorful bracts are showy for a long time. rev 2/2021

'Red Tulip'    at its best    loading dock     mid-stage color    a little past   fully mature   another of several originating from local cut flower grower and Protea Family specialist Mike Astone, who evaluated his own seedlings and selected for bloom timing, bract color/form and cut-stem performance. This one features ivory to blonde interior bracts at flowers half-open becoming deep red and tulip-like when clasping the mature cone. Grows to 5' tall by 7' or so across, initiates with chill and/or short days. Of all our current selections 'Red Tulip' is closest to 'Summer Red,' with similar growth parameters and identical cultural preferences. Tolerates frost to around 25F, survives occasional lower freezes. rev 2/2019

'Strawberry Blonde'  early stage    mid-stage    late stage   lots o' bracts, really nice foliage too!   dense habit    bought in as liners of 'Summer Red,' this is a cut-flower variety of unknown ID (if you know, let us know). Besides being great for cuts it's also got superior container and landscape qualities as well. Bracts start out ivory white and light pink with violet-burgundy tips then deepen to clear rosy pink and finish deep salmon coral when the cone is out of flowers. This has up to 22 colorful bracts over 1" on some heads, maybe the most numerous of any we've grown. Dense, narrow leaves are quite blue in color, set on very short internodes against bright coral red stems. I'm guessing 3-4' tall by 4-5' wide but we'll see. This is an easy chill-initiator. rev 2/2021


‘Summer Red’    winter flowers    new growth    fall-spring flowering in interior or Southland climates like the rest, but can initiate in any season on mature growth which experiences daylight chill. New growth is an attractive red, usually seen in late spring and early summer. It has a delicate, quite graceful habit and presentation, narrow leaves, and bears narrow, tulip-like terminal bracts which color to a deep strawberry coral red with paler interiors beginning in early fall and lasting into spring. Both juvenile and mature leaves show diagnostic tiny tufts of short hairs at their very tips. Open growth to about 4' by 6', fine textured, with terminal bracts elegantly displayed. Female form. rev 2/2019

‘Winter Red’   why you grow it, UCSC    why you grow it II, UCSC    very old plant, UCSC    mature foliage, bronzy new growth, MBN    September 2014 bloom, MBN    mature foliage, cool weather, MBN    April, mature bracts clasping spent cones   a dense, compact variety that produces a dazzling display of color, usually beginning fall or winter. Broad, tulip-like bracts are ivory white lined with light pink as flowers begin to open, then mature to brilliant strawberry pink when flowers are half-open. When full mature bracts turn intense burgundy red and clasp the spent cones, providing a show of color for many more months. Juvenile leaves are short, blue green and tinted a nice, deep burgundy purple with cold. Mature-phase leaves are longer, lighter green, with light bronzy-red new growth but also purple when cool. Both phases show conspicuously short internodes. Bracts can begin to color from September/October through February/March, total display of color can last through May or even June, depending on the year, plant maturity and seasonal maturity of branches. When in full bloom the entire outer visible surface of the plant turns intense, deep red. Female selection. rev 2/2019 

‘Silvan Red’    UCSC Arboretum, mature plant    closeup    another hybrid of L. laureolum x salignum, and sister cross of ‘Safari Sunset,’ reportedly more resistant to pathogens. Grows to 7' tall by 6' or so wide with a rather open habit, and blooms from fall through late spring with bright red to deep garnet bracts on very long stems that are outstanding for cutting. The bracts and upper leaves turn from green to a smoky, silvery red as they mature. Then the pale centers show when the bracts open slightly as they age. The summer leaves are dark green but most of the foliage takes on wine dark tones in cool weather. Likes full sun to part shade with at least average drainage. rev 2/2014

'Wilson's Wonderwhy you want it - flowers closeup   why you want it - UCSC, January 2006  that rosy pink edge  nursery new growth  Branciforte/Soquel/Water St. triangle park, very old plant, mature size     L. salignum x laureolum, and listed as synonymous with ‘Bell’s Sunrise.’ This is a very popular and often-commented-on selection that makes a heavy show of moderately large, well opened, bright blond yellow to creamy white bracts, with nice bright yellow, cone-like flower clusters in the center. The mature bracts are often edged and flushed with strawberry coral from cool weather, in winter and early spring. Flower initiation actually can occur at any time of year on any mature wood that experiences moderate morning chill. This is a male form, and atypical in its long season of color for that sex in this genus. Reddish stems provide nice additional contrast at any season. Foliage is hard, medium size, bright green, and quite neat. To about 3-6' tall, 5-8' wide in lean soils and kept dry, but I know of very happy specimens on the Eastside neighborhood of Santa Cruz which have reached 8' tall by 12-15' wide. It stops traffic at peak bloom. This selection will usually tolerate poor winter drainage as long as it dries down in summer, which is a common feature of Leucadendrons and other members of the Protea family. A relatively hardy variety, often seen listed as hardy to USDA zone 8a and Sunset zones 5, 8-9, 14-24. rev 8/2021

Leucospermum   PINCUSHION   evergreen shrubs closely related to Protea, native to South Africa. Most varieties are primarily spring flowering. In previous versions of this overview I would have said this was because Leucospermum are mostly obligate short-day initiators. But accumulated experience clearly reveals them all to be primarily chill initiators, with some requiring much more than others. There are several selections and hybrids that appear to be capable of blooming year around in our climate, though even those bloom most heavily in spring. As a group they thrive with moderate winter temperatures, modest to generous winter rainfall, warm, mostly dry summers, average to good drainage and in most areas infrequent (hot) to little (periodically hot) or even no (fog) summer watering. Flowers are excellent for cutting on almost all types, often lasting for weeks. Buds are tender and the normal terminal bud clusters will be killed on most species and hybrids if temps drop much below freezing. But on all varieties we've grown so far mature-phase branches can develop secondary, subterminal buds below the dead or damaged terminal primaries, or even along the upper portions of the stem directly below, which initiated with the primary but were held in reserve. These buds can developsubsequent to damage to the primaries or later, in response to off-season chill, leading to greatly extended bloom seasons in climates like ours. We also clearly see new, primary, terminal buds as well as secondary buds form on some varieties during very cool periods in spring, summer and fall. Recent horticultural and cut flower hybrids and selections are easier and less demanding than older species strains, selections and hybrids. But none of the current trade varieties should ever be considered easy and forgiving plants to grow unless you have the best conditions: granular, acidic, mineral soils (gravel, sand, low organic material), low fertility (especially phosphate levels), relatively dry summers, some water available to deeper or outer roots intermittently, cool nights, low humidity, little to moderate frost. rev 8/2021

'Brandi'   just starting    almost   fully open   actually 'Brandi dela Cruz,' but no one seems to call it that. This is a hottie, a University of Hawaii Royal Hawaiian series release selected from thousands of crossed seedlings for its high productivity, large flower size (to 6" across), three-week vase life and 30" stems. It also bears for 4-5 months there in Hawaii, more like a few months in California to most of the year most year in our own climate Distinctively flat flowers with unopened buds in the center open from honey through light coral orange, deepening to rich orange as the flower matures. The stigmas (style-tips) are pointed at maturity and the style columns themselves are seductive tawny golden orange through coral, distinctively reflexing downward as the flower matures, much like one of its parents L. reflexum. The entire flower cluster has the appearance of a golden yellow-orange globe, or hemispherical starburst that evolves to a circular sparker, with coral halo around the base. This one really lights up with the warm light of sunset. Leaves are felty grey green at maturity, rather narrow and sporting 3-4 small knobby red tips. To 4-5' tall with age, about 6-7' across, probably larger in both directions in favored sites/climates without pruning. With the greater cold tolerance from its L. reflexum parent it should survive 25F easily, possibly lower. rev 8/2021 

'California Sunshine'   flower   bud opening     tighter bud    mature foliage     subtending leaves   fuzzy lighter new growth   a compact, dense grower with narrow leaves, to about 4' tall and  6' across. Light golden yellow flowers have red-tipped stamens, blooms age from pale yellow to an overall glowing golden orange. Foliage ranges from very felty and grey to broader and very green. A good landscape/garden form, doesn't reach or fall open and is easy to prune to shape, which should happen after winter bloom is finished. Typical conditions: full sun, some shade in hotter areas, little or no summer irrigation, good drainage, little hard frost. Pretty good in containers, for a few years at least. One of the fastest and easiest varieties to initiate. rev 8/2021

cordifolium   COMMON PINCUSHION   why you grow it     why you grow it, UCSC    why you must grow it, UCSC    why you have to grow it, Santa Cruz City Hall    why you grow it, with wife, UCSC   a naturally ornamental species, widely used as a cut flower and landscape/garden subject and probably the most important and valuable parent used in hybridizing. Grows with a low mounding habit to 3-4' tall by 6-8' across with dark green leaves and terminal pincushion flower clusters in red, orange or yellow. Almost always seen in cultivation offered as cutting-grown named selections. This species is very sensitive to Phytophthora (pathogenic soil fungus). Native to the Western Cape Region of South Africa. rev 5/2020

'Don's Red'   why you grow it, UCSC 2007   closeup, sun   closeup, shade, evening   UCSC, backlit   MBN stock plants   mesmerizing   UCSC 2011   one of the darkest red forms we've seen, one of the best pincushion varieties overall, heavy blooming, rich color, a real looker. We know it originated with the late Don Gholston, who imported or grew from seed himself then brought it to the UCSC Arboretum, where he was a longtime docent. But he imported green plants and seeds from South Africa himself back in the 80's, when that was easy to do. So we're not sure if this is a seedling or possibly a named South African variety he lost or forgot the name of. Our bet is on the first possibility, and if it truly is a seedling he picked a good one! Red-orange-red in full sunlight, it's actually got orange stamens tipped with tiny bright golden yellow stigmas against deep cherry red petals/segments at the base. The flowers really glow like fire in sunset light. Low, wide spreading, to about over 10' across unpruned and if really, really happy. You wish! This is one to pick if you really want to make your neighbors burn with resentment and envy. rev 8/2021

'Flame Giant'  with Molly, UCSC 2011   closeup   a cut flower variety, name says it all. Originally 'Vlam'? Big felty grey green leaves with red knobs at the terminal edge, good initiator, long stems, flower lasts forever. Typical dimensions. rev 8/2021

'High Gold'   close   Jeff Anderson's backyard   originally a proprietary patented cut-flower selection by cut industry-leader Zorro Farms, patent now expired. This long-stemmed, deep clear yellow selection has higher-centered, deeper yellow flowers than 'Yellow Bird. It's also notably tall w.r.t. spread, the result of selection for those looooooooong cutting stems. Estimate 5-6' tall by 6-8' spread unpruned, and inclined to be a little floppy if not cut back after bloom. rev 8/2021

'Yellow Bird'   pure yellow flowers    UCSC Arboretum  a heavy blooming landscape and cut flower variety, bright, fresh lemon to canary yellow, to about 3-5' tall and 6-8' across at full maturity, uncontained. Stems tend to be attractively long and snaky when plants are young and happy, with light green, somewhat silvery leaves, but its form becomes denser and more compact with age and any shaping. This is a mostly-forgiving, commercial-container-production-vetted cut-flower trade form that has given us minimal problems in production and survives as well in gardens as any of the other "A" list varieties. Sun, etc. etc. rev 8/2021

cuneiforme  a tough and free-blooming species with distinctive narrow leaves tipped with tiny red knobs and conspicuously warty trunks, including an obvious and attractive lignotuber. All varieties initiate easily and are among the more garden-tolerant selections in the trade. We grow three forms, all excellent and popular. Flowers in all are very heavily produced on this lower, much more species. New leaves emerge densely covered with whitish fuzz, mature leaves are light green. Primary bloom occurs in winter but buds initiate on new, mature growth exposed to some amount of chill (around 55F or less, plus light), so plants can rebloom in late spring, summer or fall if growing in very cool, near-coastal environments.  All forms are dense, happy growers for us, more adaptable and easier than many others in the trade. rev 8/2021

gold  small, deep gold flowers, heavily produced over a long period during spring and again more sporadically ater chill episodes. rev 8/2021

pale salmon  yellow buds quickly become pale salmon against yellow, with very upright flower segments. Same growth and flowering habits. rev 8/20221

yellow  Santa Cruz City Hall   closeup   massed bloom   small, rich, pure yellow. Same etc. etc. 8/2021

'Goldie'  golden yellow   upright flowers are a deep, rich golden yellow, almost orange overall, actually golden with orange stigma tips. Moderately narrow dark green leaves have a distinctive tip. Can reach an eventual 4-6' tall and 6-8' wide, with a moderately open, upright habit, denser with pruning. This is most likely a form of straight L. cuneiforme and not a hybrid, but opinions vary. Leaves are not quite the same, for one thing. But it does form the same interesting and ornamental lignotuber with age, so it certainly seems to have L. cuneiforme in its parentage. rev 8/2021

patersonii 'Brothers'   flowers plus distinctive foliage   those loooooong stems     young (orange) and mature (red) flowers    bud with leaf detail    large, well-formed, striking, glowing orange to orange red pincushion flowers light up the tip of every branch in later winter and early spring. Reaches 4-6' tall by about 6-8' wide. Leaves are soft, wider than most and light green, branches are noticeably long and outstanding for cut flower use, reflecting its origin as  selection chosen by Gary Brothers at Brothers Brothers' field cut flower operation. Bloom is heavy, and spectacular. Flowers seem to form almost entirely from short-day initiation, which means "clippers-off" from about mid-July or early August or you'll remove the ripened wood that initiates flowers in winter. Once in bloom the flowers can continue developing late spring to early summer depending on the site, local climate and individual year. Full sun, good drainage, little or no summer watering, can withstand substantial winter inundation as long as it dries down later. Buds are damaged and leaf burn starts somewhere around 30-28F, it will probably tolerate to around 25 before substantial branch-bark damage occurs. USDA zone 9/Sunset 9, 16-17, 21-24. rev 2/2020

'Rainbow'    April bloom    light apricot-peach colored styles with similar anther segments, bright red orange on the very tip of the stigma. Narrow leaves have three or four reddish, coarse, rounded terminal teeth, plant habit is moderately dense, to 3-5' tall and 6-7' across. A good grower and reliable, trouble-free variety for us so far. This and the varieties below all like average to good drainage, though all will take very wet, perched conditions in winter as long as the soils aren't anoxic, and the plants dry out for most of summer. All will survive winter temps down to about 25F, though formed flower buds won't survive much below 30F. Subsequent buds can mature and open later in winter and early spring if the freeze is early enough, and later maturing flower buds can even open off-season (summer or early fall). This is common in cooler years along the immediate coast, if plants experience around 55F or lower during at least part of the daylight hours. rev 8/2016

'Scarlet Ribbon'  closeup, young flowers   youngish-getting-older flowers    usual sun habit/specs, UCSC   dry shade habit/specs, Capitola   distinctive foliage   silky red segments with striking orange yellow styles, becoming overall deep carmine red as flowers age. Green to grey green foliage, depending on juvenile/mature and moist/drier conditions, with distinctively cut tips with natty red nobs. To 3' tall by 6' or more in sun, twice as tall or more in dry part shade. This is a tricky one, as the apparent flower color changes dramatically as the flowers age, leading to confusing identification when combined with the variable foliage appearance. Typical conditions, probably damaged below 28-25°F. USDA zone 9. rev 8/2020

'Spider'   why you grow it    hummingbird's-eye view    flower color change    young, pale salmon flowers mature to a shiny, ribbony red. Nicely complimentary foliage is silky grey green, silvery bluish even with light at the right angle. Moderately fast to 6' tall, upright habit, full, dense, even. A good, tough survivor (for a pincushion!). This one can fool you, easily, due to the dramatic change from pale rounded bud to rather flat silky peach open flower to narrow, deep red spent heads. Good drainage, etc. rev 5/2020

'Sunrise'   intense red    heavy bloomer    low, bushy, compact habit with excellent production of large, shiny, intense red to orange red flowers in late winter and spring. The broad green leaves can be felty and grey green in youth but are smooth at maturity and often glossy on second-year leaves. Mature-phase leaves are almost always lance-shaped to at least some degree, versus remaining broad towards the tip, with well-defined, glossy red terminal dots on the 3-6 coarse, marginal teeth. Those two characteristics, along with lower, wider habit and slightly shorter stems overall help separate this variety from the very similar L. pattersonii 'Brothers.' This is a great variety for landscape and garden use, and of course serves well as a cut flower. Sun to a little shade, average to good drainage, infrequent summer watering. Site in a west-facing exposure in areas that experience a hard freeze to minimize damage to buds forming during winter. rev 2/2020

'Tango'   UCSC Arboretum, April   closeup of those amazing flowers    just before opening    almost there!   fully mature  an open, spreading shrub to 4-5' tall by 7-8' across at maturity. Rather narrow, dark green leaves form a backdrop for rather vertically-swept flowers, made of intense orange styles backed by silky, deep, intense red anther segments. A really good variety for anywhere this genus can be used. rev 8/2016

'Veldfire'  closeup   Morrissey Blvd., Eastside Santa Cruz, 2020    Morrissey Blvd., Eastside Santa Cruz, 2018   heavy display   early-stage bud   late-stage bud   rich golden yellow stigmas are backed by silky apricot to red orange anther segments. Broad, dark green leaves surround the flower clusters nicely and are distintively toothed, coarsely toothed, with 5-8 terminal, red knobby tips. Dense, upright, spreading, very compact to about 4-6' tall by 6-10' wide. Very reliable for us here at MBN. Younger plants tend to have lighter colored leaves and flowers. rev 5/2020

Lewisia hybrids  BITTERROOT, CLIFF MAIDS   (not currently in production)   Molly's plant  succulent, rosette-forming, evergreen (most species) perennials that grow as a compact crown of ornamental leaves, forming multiple heads with age if happy. They produce a stunning display of iridescent, silky flowers ranging in color from white through pink, red, orange, and all the sunset tones and bicolor combinations you can imagine. These flowers are produced on branched sprays that usually extend above the foliage. Attractive leaves can look like Echeveria or Sempervivum and seedlings vary widely. These plants are at their best in open, mineral soils, especially in containers, in full to half sunlight and with regular watering. Feed as needed. Plants bloom best after a winter rest. Saxifragaceae. Western North America. rev 2/2010-Luen Miller

Little Peach  (not currently in production)  a very cute little perennial with soft peachy colors of yellow, gold, and orange. About 6" tall and wide, it could go with your succulents in a gravel topped pot (to keep the crown dry). Big spring bloom and another in the fall. Evergreen, with succulent leaves of dark green, this little gem will take sun or part shade and water when dry. Sunset zones 1-7, 14-24/USDA 6. rev 3/2012-Suzy Brooks

Little Plum  (not currently in production) beginning bloom  note the lack of single quotes around the varietal name. This is a seed strain, a very good and uniform seed strain, but not a genetically identical clone. Apparently a hybrid of L. longipetala and the more familiar L. cotyledon, it is distinguished by large (to 1" across)  flowers held just outside the leaft tips that open yellow orange and age to deep plum pink. While the flower stalks do produce multiple buds, only one opens at at time. The effect when it first starts blooming is that of a circle of flowers surrounding the rosette, later in the season it becomes a dome of color. Crowns get to about 4-5" across. This was derived from a garden seedling found in Scotland, where it obviously survived long, wet winters. The result is a more domesticated Lewisia, less spectacular than some of the L. cotyledon hybrids with their tall, branched flower stalks but quite beatufiful and more persistent, especially when grown in the ground. Still, give it the best, sharpest drainage you can provide. Like any Lewisia it can go for years in a container. Sunset zones 1-7, 14-17, 21-24 / USDA 4-9. Saxifragaceae. rev 2/2010

Sunset strain  (not currently in production)  Molly's young plant    Filoli's old plant    branched sprays of iridescent flowers ranging from white through salmon, orange, pink, rose and almost red offer amazingly bright color in containers, rock gardens, rock walls, and even strawberry pots. Likes at least half sun, excellent drainage, and a mulch of gravel. Succulent, leathery, evergreen rosettes form multiple heads and grow to about 4" tall by up to a foot across on very mature specimens. Needs some winter vernalization. We've sold this in the past but it has been a few years. Sunset zones 1-7, 14-17/USDA 5. rev 11/2011

Libertia peregrinans    SAND IRIS, ORANGE KIWI GRASS    closeup of backlit foliage    growing at UC Santa Cruz    half-shade, sandy soil,  raised bed    at its best!    flowers  a creeping, rhizomatous grass-like plant grown for its wonderful, glowing orange color, vertical foliage lines and ultra-neat habit. Thin but very tough bright orange and olive green leaves extend to 12- 18" tall in tight clusters. Underground runners push slowly outward, gradually increasing the colony. Small white flowers appear in spring on stalks about as tall as the leaves, they're classy and nice. Sun (for best color) to mostly shade, average to frequent watering, seems to like a grainy or mineral soil. This can be difficult to get really happy, but mineral soils, access to at least some water throughout the growing season and some relief from extreme heat/sun seem to be necessary. Under favored conditions (shadier than I thought it would like, very sandy soil, in an irrigated raised bed) I have seen it perform very well as a large scale, weed-excluding groundcover. It makes a striking solitary container subject, and is extremely useful as an element in a mixed planting as well. Hardy to USDA zone 8. New Zealand. Iridaceae. rev 5/2019

'Goldfinger' PPAF (not currently in production) leaf detail  leaves are a more luminous gold, with orange tones. 5/2019

ixioides 'Taupo Sunset'  (not currently in production)  MIKOIKOI, NEW ZEALAND IRIS (not currently in production)  young container plant  a smoky, bronze-taupe foliaged selection of this grass-like, clumping iris relative. Grows to about 16" tall, bears small white flowers in spring on spidery stalks above and within the foliage. Sun to part shade, average to infrequent watering, perfers mineral soils to those high in humus. Hardy to USDA zone 7/Sunset 5-9, 14-24. rev 5/2019

Ligularia    some plants in this genus (like the L. tussilaginea, below) are split off by some authors into another genus, Farfugium. However that name makes me think of Fahrvergnügen, and thenceforth Funkengrüven. Because of that, and also because we like big family gatherings around here, we keep them all in good ol' familiar Ligularia. As a group these are all frost hardy, deciduous to evergreen perennials, spreading slowly from clumps. Most are grown primarily for their amazing leaves, which tend to be rounded or kidney-shaped, large, dramatic leaves, but some have more rewarding flowers. Most trade foliage forms are marked with colors or have special shapes, such as crested edges. Flowers are yellow, either in sprays or tall spikes, and appear in fall. These are nice and can be quite showy. Most can be devastated by snails and will need protection. I have had good success with Sluggo snail bait, as well as a ring of Deadline around the plant or even the entier area where they are grown. A large tic tac toe pattern striped throughout the garden works well also, if replenished monthly. By using such a system you can successfully raise together snail-prone plants such as these (and Hostas, Kaempferias, etc.). They all make great container plants as well as garden perennials and should really be used where they will be highlighted in the garden. For sun to shade, depending on the variety and how much you want to water, with rich, moist soil and regular watering. All are highly prone to gophers in my experience. Sun (lots o' water) or shade (considerably more forgiving, and markedly so when fully established), average drainage requirements, very frost hardy. Deciduous or evergreen, depending on how cold your winter is. This species is evergreen for me in Santa Cruz, Sunset zone 17. Sunset zones 6-9, 12-24/USDA 7. Compositae/Asteraceae. China, Japan. rev 7/2017

'Last Dance'  (not currently in production)  a new hybrid, name refers to the late blooming time. In October- Novernber branched stems hold up yellow daisies above the large, leathery, dark green leaves. Grows 18-22" tall and forms a clump about 2' wide. A wonderful foliage plant for containers or a spot of morning sun, bright shade, with average to regular watering. Sunset zones 6-9, 14-24. rev 7/2017

tussilaginea varieties:  

'Argentea' ('Variegata')    why you plant it    flowers    the legendary, highly sought after and hard to propagate foliage plant, with shiny leaves to 12" across, marked radially in white and pale jade green. Looks awesome against dark rock wall backgrounds or with almost any other leaf texture and color. Looks awesome in a container.  rev 8/2008
‘Aureo-maculata’    habit     leaves    yellow spots on shiny green leaves, to 2' tall and 3' across. rev 12/2002
‘Crested Leopard’   (not currently in production)  foliage    yellow spots on shiny green leaves that have a heavily crested margin. Wild. To 2' tall, 3' wide. rev 12/2002
‘Crispatum’   (not currently in production)  why you plant it    shade leaf    hard, fuzzy grey sun leaves    a reason to plant it in shade    shade perennial containers    edges of the leaves are heavily frilled and crested, leaves themselves can reach almost 8" in size and plants can get over 2' across with age. Simply spectacular against any wall or with any foliage. The fuzzy, silvery jade green leaves have an olive tint. Rare. rev 7/2004
‘Gigantea’    why you plant it    huge glossy leaves    giant, glossy green, kidney-shaped leaves, to 12" across and with a convex shape, stand on up to 3' tall petioles. One of the most dramatic foliage perennials, rare, highly sought after, and until now essentially unavailable in retail outlets. We are happy to finally provide this outstanding plant to nurseries for customers to enjoy. It likes the same conditions as the other varieties. However I have seen one very large backyard planting in Saratoga which looked largely untended, thriving in stony, unirrigated soil under fruit trees, leading me to believe its robust nature leads it to be deeper rooted than the others and hence quite a bit more drought tolerant. Still, best and most stunning in part sun to shade with average watering. rev 8/2008
'Shishi Boton'   (not currently in production)   big ball o' brains   looks like a nice, big, tight ball of grey green brains. The leaves are very finely tomentose, and when young the edges are wonderfully edged and highlighted in even more realistic coral pink. This is a nice slow-to-divide  form we picked up from Sean Hogan at Cistus Nursery in Portland. Fun but easy to grow, when young it is easily confused with 'Crispata,' and we have found yes it sometimes reverts back to that form, but infrequently. Large, showy yellow daisy flowers typical of this species appear in short sprays close to the foliage during short days. A fun and easy to grow foliage plant for sun or part shade, superb in containers of course like all its sister varieties, with just average to modest summer watering required plus your usual robust snail precautions. To about 18" tall and spreading slowly as a tight clump to 18-24" wide. rev 7/2013

Linum perenne 'Appar'  BLUE FLAX   (not currently in production)   flowers   a usually evergreen perennial, growing as a clump of upright stems with small, narrow, grey green leaves. Lots of blue flowers are produced from spring and into summer. Full sun, to 2' tall and wide, average to infrequent watering. Can self sow   In the language of flowers Flax means 'I feel your kindness.' USDA zone 5/Sunset 2-24. Europe. Linaceae. rev 7/2015

Liriope muscari    BIG BLUE LILY TURF  (not currently in production)  commercial planting    clumping to running evergreen grass-like perennials for shade or part shade. See Ophiopogon for a description of the differences which separate the two genera. Bears spikes of white to dark purple flowers in summer. Average to little watering when established, frost hardy. China, Japan. Asparagaceae. rev 5/2020

'Silver Dragon'   AZTEC GRASS   commercial landscape   foliage closeup   a variety of confused identity, as there are similar but taller and more clumping/less running forms of Ophiopogon regularly get sold under this and other names. Whatever this is we list it here because it's where everyone looks when they want the plant grown under this name. Properly this varietal name should refer in the trade to "the one" that has narrow leaves (1/4") are dark green cleanly edged in clear silvery white, with lavender flowers and that stays low, under 8-10" tall, spreading moderately (coast) to very quickly (hot) by underground stolons to form a dense groundcover. There. Best in part shade, burns in hot sun unlike 'Silvery Sunproof,' below. For the fastest variegated shade groundcover "Liriopogon" this is your easy choice. rev 5/2020

‘Silvery Sunproof’    blooming     leaves to 1/2" wide are striped with creamy yellow, flowers are lavender. Tolerates full sun, with lightest color there, but best in part shade, at least inland. This is a clumper and slow spreader. rev 2/2017

Livistona  a genus of fan palms ranging from tropical to temperate. These are more tropical in appearance than the familiar Washingtonias, and the trunks are naturally clean. Many are at their best when juvenile where the fronds provide fantastic foliage effects at eye level. Palmae/Atrecaceae. rev 5/2019

decipiens  (not currently in production)   RIBBON PALM, WEEPING FOUNTAIN PALM    nice plant    a highly distinctive and easy to grow medium sized palm that should be much more widely planted. The genus in general is rarely encountered in California and this species in particular has much to recommend it. It is readily distinguished by the rather glossy, weeping leaflets, even on the new growth which give it a very lush, tropical, dramatic, almost sinister appearance. The fronds move gracefully in the wind and if you can, site it to make use of this feature. It grows at a respectable rate, perhaps 6-12" inches a year in height, in full sun with regular watering and feeding. With age it can reach 30-40' across and 8-12' across. It is resistant to The Yellows, even under cooler conditions, and will take frost to about 20F. Flower clusters are much shorter than on its more common (but still uncommon) sister, L. chinensis, staying close to the trunk. Australia. Like almost all palms it does well in containers too. In the ground it will tolerate very wet soils. rev 10/2007

Lithodora diffusa ‘Grace Ward’    closeup    habit    full-size plant    evergreen perennial forms a low, sprawling mound to 6" tall with a heavy show of small, deep blue flowers displayed against dark green leaves in spring. Sun, good drainage, average to little summer watering. Hardy enough for almost all of California. Older plants often get twisted trunks with attractive, stringy bark. Mediterranean. Boraginaceae. rev 8/2020

Lobelia laxiflora    mature plant, N. Main, Soquel   hummingbird magnet   honeybee magnet   beneficials magnet (hoverfly)   Strybing Arboretum    restaurant patio plant    native to Arizona and Mexico, this drought tolerant perennial has narrow, dark green leaves and bears its flowers, long tubes of rosy red and yellow on any new branches that experience chill. Usually this means early spring into fall but often it blooms all year in near-coastal locations. It spreads slowly by underground runners and will soon grow into a 30" tall by 4-6' landscape specimen, taller if it can lean and scramble on nearby fences or shrubs. Very tough, very low water use but faster with some irrigation, gopher-proof in my experience but yours may be different. Usually I plant it without a basket, water it in and walk away. Worst case it dropped all its leaves but came back with the winter rains and looked fine after that. Sun or part shade. USDA zone 8. Lobeliaceae. rev 10/2019 

Lomandra a genus of grass-like plants, native to Australia. Many forms have been in horticulture for years there, but recent selections and their introduction here lately have greatly increase their horticultural application. These new and improved forms are denser, more compact and/or less messy than the older, less domesticated forms. A very strong feature of this group is its great application for grass-like form and effects in landscapes while being substantially less attractive to rodents such as gophers, voles, mice, rats, rabbits, pack rats and ground squirrels, which can ravage grass-heavy landscapes, especially when used en masse. Australia, New Guinea, New Caledonia. Asparagaceae, formerly Xanthorrheaceae. rev 2/2021

confertifolia   ECHIDNA GRASS  a very fine-textured species native to sandy, well-drained mineral soils and almost always found growing in part shade. Selections of this species will need some shade and at least infrequent or occasional watering in very hot/dry inland climates, or when the Santa Anas roar. Famous Australian nurseryman and plant breeder Todd Layt warns they establish more slowly and should always be planted from 1 gallon or larger plants. Native to warm regions of eastern Australia (Queensland) they show freeze damage more readily than L. longifolia selections. These can make excellent and really dramatic focal-point container plants, especially the strongly weeping forms, very especially with age as the leaves become quite long and luxuriant. Five subspecies are recognized. rev 2/2019
'Del Sol'   1g on the dock   to 2-3' tall, similar to 'Breeze' but somewhat thinner foliage. Reportedly hardy to USDA zone 8. rev 2/2021

'Finescape' FINESCAPE ECHIDNA GRASS  young crop   fine, dense, compact   fine-textured, upright and ultimately foliage, deep green with a shiny luster, forming a very dense, compact clump. Plants reach 18" tall by about 3' across. Drought tolerant, good for the salt-spray zone at the coast, For partly sunny or shady sites, as small-scale groundcover, accent or focal point plant or as a wonderful container subject. USDA zone 9 (waiting to confirm zone 8)/Sunset zones 8-9, 14-24. rev 2/2019

'Olive Green' PPAF   1g crop   part of the Hightlights line from PlantHaven, this is more or less a smaller, finer,wispier version the familiar (and excellent!) 'Breeze. To about 12-24" tall by 24-30" wide, very fine texture, slightly olive green color. Listed as hardy to USDA zone 8. rev 2/2021

'Pacific Sky'   some idea of habit   that wonderful purple center   what we like to see     a little shorter and stiffer than 'Seascape' but much faster and more reliable. Very similar fine, blue grey foliage and short spikes of fragrant yellow flowers. Grows into an ultra-dense dome or mound to 18-24" tall by 2-4' across. Use it as a small-scale, unmowed lawn substitute, massed, large-scale groundcover or stunning container subject. A selection of ssp. rubiginosa, its purplish culm bases are rather attractive when young. rev 8/2020  

'Seascape' PP20010  SEASCAPE ECHIDNA GRASS   Ball, Spring Trials, 2012    Ball Spring Trials, 2013   long, ultra-fine, blue grey to grey green leaves arch gracefully over on this excellent, grass-like perennial. Grows to 18"' tall and 2-3' wide. Small yellow flowers are produced in the usual short spikes near the bases of the leaves in summer, but these are strongly and pleasantly fragrant in late afternoon/early evening. Tolerates heat and drought well but looks best in part shade in hot climates, and will require at least infrequent or intermittent watering there. At maturity its leaves dramatically and luxuriantly over the edge of a tall pot or fall nicely down a rock wall, making it an eye-catching feature or focal point plant. Sadly this variety is quite slow to exit its juvenile-phase and start growing at a decent rate and so takes at least twice as long to hit mature specs as many other varieties. If you have the patience though, and that special spot, it is the ne plus ultra. Rabbits love it, but only because they're too stupid to realize it isn't real grass. If they knew it wasn't grass they wouldn't eat it. USDA zone 8/Sunset 7-9, 12-24. rev 5/2020

'Shorty'   1g crop   very short habit, to just 18" tall and wide at maturity. Bright green foliage. rev 2/2021

filiformis 'Goldfields Blue' (not currently in production, but see "blue green form," below)  young foliage detail   this variety holds its blue green coloring all year long. A foot or two tall and wide, it can be used singly or even better as a massed groundcover. A good choice that can go from sun to shade and requires low maintenance and little watering. Synonymous with and originally sold as L. confertifolia ssp. rubiginosa. USDA zone 8/Sunset zones 7-9, 13-24. rev 2/2019-Suzy Brooks

fluviatilis 'Shara'  MAT RUSH   nursery plants  a very fine-leaved species that grows into an airy clump about 18" tall and wide. The grey green to distinctly bluish-hued leaves are mostly vertical near the base, becoming relaxed and wispy towards the ends. Native to the eastern coast of Australia. Flower spikes are more exposed and showy than in most other species. USDA zone 9, maybe zone 8? rev 10/2018-Luen Miller

hystrix 'Tropic Belle' PPAF  nursery plants  a low growing, large textured form, with glossy bright green leaves to about 1/2" across. This is smaller than the wild form of the species, with most of the foliage mass below 2', spreading to about 2' wide. This form is also greener. Spikes of spiky whitish flowers are not showy.  This will need some summer watering but is still very drought resistant when established. 10/2008

longifolia   BASKET GRASS, SPIKY-HEADED MAT RUSH     a highly variable species, ranging along Australia's entire East Coast, from the very most northern pointy tip, the miserably miasmic, marginally habital Cape York Peninsula wilderness, all the way down to Tasmanias cool, wet, windy Southern Ranges. See notes regarding reduced rodent damage in landscapes, under the section for the genus above. Generally quite hardy, to around 15F. USDA zone 8/Sunset zones 5-9, 14-24. rev 2/2019

blue green form     mature foliage   younger, greener juvenile leaves    nice, broad, green juvenile foliage becoming much more blue grey to grey green as it matures. The highest use of this plant would to replace Fortnight Lily Dietes vegeta in many of its applications, especially those in which it seeds itself aggressively and infinitely, such as in someone's front yard. One pathetic, overworked wretch I know has spend hours undercutting the roots with a pick then wrap a chain around each clump and tearing it out with his truck. (Then he spends years more digging up the seedlings.) To about 24" tall by 2-3' across. This is certainly either 'Blue Poles' or L. filiformis 'Goldfields Blue.' We grew both once, small trial crops. We bought these plugs in and the original grower is clueless or disingenuous about ID. Until we know which we'll sell it under this name. It's seedless, like all the other Lomandras introduced here to date. rev 2/2019

'Blue Poles' (not currently in production)  foliage and flowers, our only crop ever   very similar to L. filiformis 'Goldfields Blue' above, but nothing's left of either for us to compare directly. We only grew a couple hundred of this once, in 2012, and now I can't find any reference at all to this name online. rev 2/2019

'Breeze' PP 15420   Strybing Arboretum   Strybing - shade   Branciforte Dr., Santa Cruz   this is a bright green, grass-like plant found across Australia that is widely soil and climate tolerant. To about 2' tall and 3' across, it forms dense clumps and can be used massed. It is drought tolerant but will withstand garden watering without problems, to the extent that it is even seeing wide use in Florida. This is a form selected to be nicer than the average, rather humble wild specimen. It performs best in light to full shade, full sun plantings usually look yellow or stressed. It makes a great container plant. An Australian nurseryman told me general care includes shearing leaves back hard,  very close to the base, at any time of year, whenever plants look old, tired out, show dead/damaged foliage or in order to remove old, prickly flower heads. Frost hardy to around 20-15F. USDA zon 9/Sunset zones 7-9, 13-24. rev 2/2019

'Lime Tough'  gallon containers   formerly 'Lime Tuff,' even more formerly 'Bushland Green.' Reportedly this selection recently scored the highest drought-tolerance score of any plant, not just grasses and perennials, in a carefully documented trial in Davis, California. This is very similar to its very popular sister 'Breeze,' but with brighter green, broader leaves and a noticeably more upright habit. Evergreen, low maintenance, tidy, neat. This will look much like one of the large evergreen native sedges being used now (Carex) but is generally tidier and more formal looking, and clumps as opposed to spreading by running stolons. Use in place of shrubs in the landscape, as a no-walk substitute for lawns, or just enjoy it as a solitary container specimen. One to two feet tall, upright habit. Sunset zones 7-9, 13-24/USDA 8. rev 10/2018
 

'Nyalla'
  (not currently in production)  first crop  fine textured, stiffly upright and sperading, and bluer green than the bright to medium green of 'Breeze.' To 2-3' tall by 3-4' across. Zones 7-9, 13-24/USDA zone 9. rev 10/2009

'Platinum Beauty' PP25962   Manuel's nice container plant   Sunset display, Spring Trials  foliage detail   a Sunset Program plant, this is a really nice, distinctive, cleanly variegated selection that grows really well and always looks sharp. To about 2' tall, 3' across, same requirements and growing conditions as for 'Breeze' or 'Lime Tough.' This form reportedly often shows better full-sun performance than all-green varieties in ultra-hot summer areas such as the Central Valley and eastern LA basin, with better establishment rates and appearance under very dry conditions. rev 11/2018

Lonicera hildebrandiana  (not currently in production)  GIANT BURMESE HONEYSUCKLE    garden    wonderful flowers    most tropical of honeysuckles, with glossy, 4-6" long leaves and large, tubular, rich yellow orange flowers to 6" long. Fragrant, usually blooms spring through fall. Damaged below 25°F but has survived 20°F. Sun to part shade, average to little watering. Burma. rev 8/2020

japonica ‘Halliana’  (not currently in production)  HALL’S HONEYSUCKLE    closeup    on a wall    another    deciduous to semievergreen vine well known for fragrant flowers which emerge white, then age to light yellow. Can bloom for most of the year in favorable climates. Sun to part shade, average to little summer watering, frost hardy. Eastern Asia.rev 8/2020

Lophomyrtus a genus of shrubs native to New Zealand, sometimes classified as simply Myrtus. Similar in look and application to Pittosporum. Myrtaceae. rev 7/2010

x ralphii 'Little Star'  leaves   very cute little leaves colored green, cream, and pink. Bears fragrant white flowers in summer. Small, only 18-24" tall and wide. Makes a dandy little hedge or container subject. Adds something new to flower arrangements. Sun or part shade. Regular water. Zones 16-24/USDA zone 9.  rev 7/2010

Luma apiculata  see Guava, Blueberry

Lychnis arkwrightii 'Scarlet O'Hara' (not currently in production)  PP#25460P2  (not currently in production)   in-your-eye red   a more robust, more reliably perennial form of this hybrid species (L. chalcedonica x L. haageana), supposedly the brightest and most eye-poppingly red variant yet. Its strong constitution enables it to tolerates miserable northern Dutch conditions that are even colder, wetter and drizzlier than those of the Northern California coastline. Dark foliage nicely backs up that red, which can be so intense in full sun it is difficult to focus your eyeballs on the flowers. A very compact grower to 10-12" tall by 8-10" across. Full to half sun (inland), average soils and watering. USDA zone 4. Caryophyllaceae. rev 7/2016


note: all above text and images ©Luen Miller and Monterey Bay Nursery, Inc. except as otherwise noted